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超详细的JVM反射原理技术点总结哦~

java基础栏目今天介绍超详细的JVM反射原理技术点总结哦。

反射定义

1,JAVA反射机制是在运行状态中

对于任意一个类,都能够知道这个类的所有属性和方法;

对于任意一个对象,都能够调用它的任意一个方法和属性;

这种动态获取的信息以及动态调用对象的方法的功能称为java语言的反射机制。

反射提供的功能:

  • 在运行时判断任意一个对象所属的类
  • 在运行时构造任意一个类的对象
  • 在运行时判断任意一个类所具有的成员变量和方法
  • 在运行时调用任意一个对象的方法

(如果属性是private,正常情况下是不允许外界操作属性值,这里可以用Field类的setAccessible(true)方法,暂时打开操作的权限)

反射的使用场景

  • Java编码时知道类和对象的具体信息,此时直接对类和对象进行操作即可,无需反射
  • 如果编码时不知道类或者对象的具体信息,此时应该使用反射来实现

反射源码解析

举例API :

Class.forName("com.my.reflectTest").newInstance()复制代码

1. 反射获取类实例 Class.forName("xxx");

  首先调用了 java.lang.Class 的静态方法,获取类信息!

注意:forName()反射获取类信息,并没有将实现留给了java,而是交给了jvm去加载!

主要是先获取 ClassLoader, 然后调用 native 方法,获取信息,加载类则是回调 入参ClassLoader 进类加载!

 @CallerSensitive    public static Class<?> forName(String className)                throws ClassNotFoundException {        // 先通过反射,获取调用进来的类信息,从而获取当前的 classLoader        Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();        // 调用native方法进行获取class信息        return forName0(className, true, ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller), caller);    }复制代码

2. java.lang.ClassLoader—–loadClass()

// java.lang.ClassLoader    protected Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve)        throws ClassNotFoundException    {        // 先获取锁        synchronized (getClassLoadingLock(name)) {            // First, check if the class has already been loaded            // 如果已经加载了的话,就不用再加载了            Class<?> c = findLoadedClass(name);            if (c == null) {                long t0 = System.nanoTime();                try {                    // 双亲委托加载                    if (parent != null) {                        c = parent.loadClass(name, false);                    } else {                        c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name);                    }                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {                    // ClassNotFoundException thrown if class not found                    // from the non-null parent class loader                }                 // 父类没有加载到时,再自己加载                if (c == null) {                    // If still not found, then invoke findClass in order                    // to find the class.                    long t1 = System.nanoTime();                    c = findClass(name);                     // this is the defining class loader; record the stats                    sun.misc.PerfCounter.getParentDelegationTime().addTime(t1 - t0);                    sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClassTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t1);                    sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClasses().increment();                }            }            if (resolve) {                resolveClass(c);            }            return c;        }    }        protected Object getClassLoadingLock(String className) {        Object lock = this;        if (parallelLockMap != null) {            // 使用 ConcurrentHashMap来保存锁            Object newLock = new Object();            lock = parallelLockMap.putIfAbsent(className, newLock);            if (lock == null) {                lock = newLock;            }        }        return lock;    }        protected final Class<?> findLoadedClass(String name) {        if (!checkName(name))            return null;        return findLoadedClass0(name);    }复制代码

3. newInstance()

newInstance() 其实相当于调用类的无参构造函数,主要做了三件事复制代码
  • 权限检测,如果不通过直接抛出异常;

  • 查找无参构造器,并将其缓存起来;

  • 调用具体方法的无参构造方法,生成实例并返回;

// 首先肯定是 Class.newInstance    @CallerSensitive    public T newInstance()        throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException    {        if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {            checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);        }         // NOTE: the following code may not be strictly correct under        // the current Java memory model.         // Constructor lookup        // newInstance() 其实相当于调用类的无参构造函数,所以,首先要找到其无参构造器        if (cachedConstructor == null) {            if (this == Class.class) {                // 不允许调用 Class 的 newInstance() 方法                throw new IllegalAccessException(                    "Can not call newInstance() on the Class for java.lang.Class"                );            }            try {                // 获取无参构造器                Class<?>[] empty = {};                final Constructor<T> c = getConstructor0(empty, Member.DECLARED);                // Disable accessibility checks on the constructor                // since we have to do the security check here anyway                // (the stack depth is wrong for the Constructor's                // security check to work)                java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(                    new java.security.PrivilegedAction<Void>() {                        public Void run() {                                c.setAccessible(true);                                return null;                            }                        });                cachedConstructor = c;            } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {                throw (InstantiationException)                    new InstantiationException(getName()).initCause(e);            }        }        Constructor<T> tmpConstructor = cachedConstructor;        // Security check (same as in java.lang.reflect.Constructor)        int modifiers = tmpConstructor.getModifiers();        if (!Reflection.quickCheckMemberAccess(this, modifiers)) {            Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();            if (newInstanceCallerCache != caller) {                Reflection.ensureMemberAccess(caller, this, null, modifiers);                newInstanceCallerCache = caller;            }        }        // Run constructor        try {            // 调用无参构造器            return tmpConstructor.newInstance((Object[])null);        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {            Unsafe.getUnsafe().throwException(e.getTargetException());            // Not reached            return null;        }    }复制代码

4. getConstructor0() 为获取匹配的构造方器;分三步:

  1. 先获取所有的constructors, 然后通过进行参数类型比较;  2. 找到匹配后,通过 ReflectionFactory copy一份constructor返回;  3. 否则抛出 NoSuchMethodException;

private Constructor<T> getConstructor0(Class<?>[] parameterTypes,                                        int which) throws NoSuchMethodException    {        // 获取所有构造器        Constructor<T>[] constructors = privateGetDeclaredConstructors((which == Member.PUBLIC));        for (Constructor<T> constructor : constructors) {            if (arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes,                                constructor.getParameterTypes())) {                return getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(constructor);            }        }        throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + ".<init>" + argumentTypesToString(parameterTypes));    }复制代码

5. privateGetDeclaredConstructors(), 获取所有的构造器主要步骤;

  1. 先尝试从缓存中获取;  2. 如果缓存没有,则从jvm中重新获取,并存入缓存,缓存使用软引用进行保存,保证内存可用;

// 获取当前类所有的构造方法,通过jvm或者缓存    // Returns an array of "root" constructors. These Constructor    // objects must NOT be propagated to the outside world, but must    // instead be copied via ReflectionFactory.copyConstructor.    private Constructor<T>[] privateGetDeclaredConstructors(boolean publicOnly) {        checkInitted();        Constructor<T>[] res;        // 调用 reflectionData(), 获取保存的信息,使用软引用保存,从而使内存不够可以回收        ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();        if (rd != null) {            res = publicOnly ? rd.publicConstructors : rd.declaredConstructors;            // 存在缓存,则直接返回            if (res != null) return res;        }        // No cached value available; request value from VM        if (isInterface()) {            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")            Constructor<T>[] temporaryRes = (Constructor<T>[]) new Constructor<?>[0];            res = temporaryRes;        } else {            // 使用native方法从jvm获取构造器            res = getDeclaredConstructors0(publicOnly);        }        if (rd != null) {            // 最后,将从jvm中读取的内容,存入缓存            if (publicOnly) {                rd.publicConstructors = res;            } else {                rd.declaredConstructors = res;            }        }        return res;    }        // Lazily create and cache ReflectionData    private ReflectionData<T> reflectionData() {        SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> reflectionData = this.reflectionData;        int classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;        ReflectionData<T> rd;        if (useCaches &&            reflectionData != null &&            (rd = reflectionData.get()) != null &&            rd.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {            return rd;        }        // else no SoftReference or cleared SoftReference or stale ReflectionData        // -> create and replace new instance        return newReflectionData(reflectionData, classRedefinedCount);    }        // 新创建缓存,保存反射信息    private ReflectionData<T> newReflectionData(SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> oldReflectionData,                                                int classRedefinedCount) {        if (!useCaches) return null;         // 使用cas保证更新的线程安全性,所以反射是保证线程安全的        while (true) {            ReflectionData<T> rd = new ReflectionData<>(classRedefinedCount);            // try to CAS it...            if (Atomic.casReflectionData(this, oldReflectionData, new SoftReference<>(rd))) {                return rd;            }            // 先使用CAS更新,如果更新成功,则立即返回,否则测查当前已被其他线程更新的情况,如果和自己想要更新的状态一致,则也算是成功了            oldReflectionData = this.reflectionData;            classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;            if (oldReflectionData != null &&                (rd = oldReflectionData.get()) != null &&                rd.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {                return rd;            }        }    }复制代码

另外,使用 relactionData() 进行缓存保存;ReflectionData 的数据结构如下!

// reflection data that might get invalidated when JVM TI RedefineClasses() is called    private static class ReflectionData<T> {        volatile Field[] declaredFields;        volatile Field[] publicFields;        volatile Method[] declaredMethods;        volatile Method[] publicMethods;        volatile Constructor<T>[] declaredConstructors;        volatile Constructor<T>[] publicConstructors;        // Intermediate results for getFields and getMethods        volatile Field[] declaredPublicFields;        volatile Method[] declaredPublicMethods;        volatile Class<?>[] interfaces;         // Value of classRedefinedCount when we created this ReflectionData instance        final int redefinedCount;         ReflectionData(int redefinedCount) {            this.redefinedCount = redefinedCount;        }    }复制代码

6.通过上面,获取到 Constructor 了!接下来就只需调用其相应构造器的 newInstance(),即返回实例了!

// return tmpConstructor.newInstance((Object[])null);     // java.lang.reflect.Constructor    @CallerSensitive    public T newInstance(Object ... initargs)        throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException,               IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException    {        if (!override) {            if (!Reflection.quickCheckMemberAccess(clazz, modifiers)) {                Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();                checkAccess(caller, clazz, null, modifiers);            }        }        if ((clazz.getModifiers() & Modifier.ENUM) != 0)            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot reflectively create enum objects");        ConstructorAccessor ca = constructorAccessor;   // read volatile        if (ca == null) {            ca = acquireConstructorAccessor();        }        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")        T inst = (T) ca.newInstance(initargs);        return inst;    }    // sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl    public Object newInstance(Object[] args)      throws InstantiationException,             IllegalArgumentException,             InvocationTargetException    {        return delegate.newInstance(args);    }    // sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl    public Object newInstance(Object[] args)        throws InstantiationException,               IllegalArgumentException,               InvocationTargetException    {        // We can't inflate a constructor belonging to a vm-anonymous class        // because that kind of class can't be referred to by name, hence can't        // be found from the generated bytecode.        if (++numInvocations > ReflectionFactory.inflationThreshold()                && !ReflectUtil.isVMAnonymousClass(c.getDeclaringClass())) {            ConstructorAccessorImpl acc = (ConstructorAccessorImpl)                new MethodAccessorGenerator().                    generateConstructor(c.getDeclaringClass(),                                        c.getParameterTypes(),                                        c.getExceptionTypes(),                                        c.getModifiers());            parent.setDelegate(acc);        }         // 调用native方法,进行调用 constructor        return newInstance0(c, args);    }复制代码

返回构造器的实例后,可以根据外部进行进行类型转换,从而使用接口或方法进行调用实例功能了。

文章来源:智云一二三科技

文章标题:超详细的JVM反射原理技术点总结哦~

文章地址:https://www.zhihuclub.com/14507.shtml

关于作者: 智云科技

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