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100个Java工具类之6:用4种方式发起HTTP请求

该系列为 Java 工具类系列,主要展示100个常用的java工具类。

本系列工具类的核心目的主要有三点:

1,以便他用:提供可用的Java工具类,方便大家使用,避免重复造轮子

2,个人记录:作为个人记录,同时督促自己学习总结

3,为初学者提供思路,相互交流,共同进步

当然,很多细节部分经不起推敲,如存在部分代码不规范、注释不详细、格式不统一等问题,还望阅读者多多包涵,多提意见。

本文目录:

本文主要讲述,如何使用4中方式发起HTTP请求,重点是 HttpClient ,也是笔者比较喜欢和经常使用的方式。

一、通过common封装好的HttpClient(本文重点)

 //1.1 httpclient 发起GET请求
public  static  String doGet(String url) {
        // 创建Httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            // 创建uri
            URIBuilder builder = new  URI Builder(url);
            URI uri = builder.build();
            // 创建http GET请求
            HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);
            httpGet.set Header ("Content-Type", "application/json; charset = UTF-8 ");
            // 执行请求
            response = httpclient.execute(httpGet);
            String result = "";
            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
                result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
            }
        } catch ( Exception  e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (response != null) {
                    response.close();
                }
                httpclient.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
//1.2HttpClient发起POST请求
public static String doPost(String url,  Map <String, Object> param) {
        //设置响应时间
         request Config  Request Config = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectionRequestTimeout(30000).setSocketTimeout(30000)
                .setConnectTimeout(30000).build();
        // 创建Httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            // 创建http POST请求
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
            httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
            httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset= utf -8");
            if (headerMap != null) {
                for (String key : headerMap.keySet()) {
                    httpPost.setHeader(key, headerMap.get(key));
                }
            }
            // 设置参数
            StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(JSON.to JSON String(param), "UTF-8");
            httpPost.setEntity(entity);
            // 执行请求
            response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
            String result = "";
            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
                result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (response != null) {
                    response.close();
                }
                httpclient.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return result;
    }  

二、通过SpringBoot-RestTemplate(本文重点)

Spring RestTemplate 是 Spring 提供的用于访问 Rest 服务的客户端,

RestTemplate 提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法,能够大大提高客户端的编写效率
由于代码简洁,效率高,因此只要是做SpringBoot项目,都会使用这种方式。


 //2.1  Rest Template发送GET请求 get请求是通过url传递参数
 @Autowired
  private  RestTemplate restTemplate;

String url = "#34;;
ResponseEntity<String> forEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(url,  String .class);
String body = forEntity.getBody();

//2.2 RestTemplate发送POST请求
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("name", "张三");
String url = "#34;;
ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url,stu,String.class);
return responseEntity.getBody();  

三、通过 JDK 网络类Java.net.HttpURLConnection

 import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io. InputStream Reader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

import com.alibaba.fastjson. json ;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;

public class ConnectUtil {
    /**
     * HttpURLConnection的post请求方式
     *
     * @param url     请求地址
     * @param  params   请求参数 json格式
     * @param charset 编码
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */    public static JSONObject doPostJson(String url, String params, String charset) {

        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
        try {
            // 建立连接 
            URL realURL = new URL(url);
            HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) realURL.openConnection();
            //设置连接属性
            // 设定请求的方法为"POST",默认是GET 
            conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
            // 设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出,因为这个是post请求,参数要放在 http正文内,因此需要设为true, 默认情况下是false; 
            conn.setDoOutput(true);
            // 设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入,默认情况下是true; 
            conn.setDoInput(true);
            // Post 请求不能使用缓存 
            conn.setUseCaches(false);
            // 设置请求属性
            conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
            conn.setRequestProperty("Charset", charset);
            // 设定传送的内容类型是json,utf-8 字符编码 
            conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=UTF-8");
            // 设置接收类型
            conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "application/json");
            // 往服务器里面发送数据
            if (params != null && params.length() > 0) {
                 byte [] writebytes = params.getBytes();
                // 设置文件长度
                conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(writebytes.length));
                // 建立输出流,并写入数据
                 OutputStream  outwritestream = conn.getOutputStream();
                outwritestream.write(params.getBytes());
                outwritestream.flush();
                outwritestream.close();
            }

            // 获得响应状态
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
            String line;
            String resultString = "";
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                resultString += line;
            }
            jsonObject = JSON.parseObject(resultString);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return jsonObject;
    }
}  

四、通过Apache封装的CloseableHttpClient

CloseableHttpClient是在HttpClient的扩展的,是目前推荐的用法。不仅可以简单设置请求头,还可以利用 fastjson 转换请求或返回结果字符串为json格式。

 //4.1 CloseableHttpClient发送get请求
    private String doGet() {
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        String result = null;
        try {
            URIBuilder uri = new URIBuilder("请求路径");
            List<NameValuePair> list = new LinkedList<>();
             Basic NameValuePair param1 = new BasicNameValuePair("key1", "value1");
            BasicNameValuePair param2 = new BasicNameValuePair("key2", "value2");
            list.add(param1);
            list.add(param2);
            uri.setParameters(list);
            HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri.build());
                 //设置请求状态参数
            RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectionRequestTimeout(3000)
                      .setSocketTimeout(3000).setConnectTimeout(3000).build();
            httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);
            response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            int status = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
            if (status == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {//请求成功
                HttpEntity httpEntity = response.getEntity();
                if (httpEntity != null) {
                    result = EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity, "UTF-8");
                    EntityUtils.consume(httpEntity);//关闭资源
                      JSONObject jsonResult = JSONObject.fromObject(result);
                      JSONArray jsonArray = jsonResult.getJSONArray("data");
                      for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.size(); i++) {
                        result = jsonArray.getJSONObject(i).getString("对应key")
                      }
                    return result;
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (response != null) {
                try {
                    response.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (httpClient != null) {
                try {
                    httpClient.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

//4.2 CloseableHttpClient发送post请求
    private  void  doPost() {
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("请求路径");
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        List params = new ArrayList();
        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("key1", "value1"));
        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("key2", "value2"));
        try {
            HttpEntity httpEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "UTF-8");
            httpPost.setEntity(httpEntity);
            response = client.execute(httpPost);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (response != null) {
                try {
                    response.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (client != null) {
                try {
                    client.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }  

发起Http请求共有8中请求方式,分别是Get、Post、Put、Delete、opions、Head、Trace、Connect。

HTTP POST和GET的区别

1、传送方式不同:GET在HTTP头部传送参数,Post在HTTP 请求内容里传送数据

2、URL内容显示不同:GET方法传输数据时参数会在URL中显示,而POST不会显示

3、传输内容大小不同:GET方法由于受到URL长度的限制,只能传递大约1024字节;POST传输的数据量大,可达到2M

4、请求目的不同:GET用来从服务器取数据;POST 用来向上放数据,GET也能够向服务器传送较少的数据,目的只是描述所取的数据

本文仅供个人记录,大家可以借鉴,每行代码都是自己手打,亲测可直接粘贴执行,如有任何问题可在评论区提问,欢迎大家交流。

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文章来源:智云一二三科技

文章标题:100个Java工具类之6:用4种方式发起HTTP请求

文章地址:https://www.zhihuclub.com/171141.shtml

关于作者: 智云科技

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