1、创建数据库介绍
在创建数据库之前，需要先确定数据库的名称、所有者、大小、存储该数据库的文件和文件组。
数据库所有者：创建数据库的用户。一般情况下，大多数产品对象由数据库所有者拥有。
2、创建数据库注意事项
- 创建数据库需要拥有CREATE DATABASE、CREATE ANY DATABASE或ALTER ANY DATABASE权限。
- 创建数据库的用户将成为该数据库的所有者。
- 针对一个SQL Server实例，最多可以创建32767个数据库。
- 数据库名称必须遵循为标识符指定的规则。
- 在创建新数据库同时，model数据库中的所有用户定义对象都会复制到新创建的数据库中。可以向model数据库中添加任何通用的对象（如表、视图、存储过程和数据类型），然后在创建的数据库可以将这些对象复制到新创建的数据库当中。
3、创建数据库的语法格式
语法格式如下：
CREATE DATABASE database_name [ ON [ PRIMARY ] [ ＜filespec＞ [ ,...n ] [ , ＜filegroup＞ [ ,...n ] ] [ LOG ON { ＜filespec＞ [ ,...n ] } ] ] [ COLLATE collation_name ] ][;]
参数说明：
database_name ：数据库名称。
ON ：指定以显式定义方式指定存储数据库数据部分的数据文件。
PRIMARY :指定＜filespec＞列表中的主文件。在＜filespec＞项中的第一个文件将成为主文件。如果没有指定PRIMARY则默认第一个文件将成为数据库主文件。
LOG ON ：指定存储数据库日志的日志文件。LOG ON后跟着以逗号分隔的用于定义日志文件的＜filespec＞项列表。不指定LOG ON，将自动创建一个日志文件，文件大小为该数据库的所有数据文件大小总和的1/4或512 KB，取两者之中的较大者。
COLLATE collation_name ：指定数据库的默认排序规则。排序规则名称包括Windows排序规则、SQL排序规则名称。未指定排序规则，则将SQL Server实例的默认排序规则分配为数据库的排序规则。
＜filespec＞部分主要用于控制文件属性，语法格式如下：
( NAME = logical_file_name , FILENAME = 'os_file_name' [ , SIZE = size [ KB | MB | GB | TB ] ] [ , MAXSIZE = { max_size [ KB | MB | GB | TB ] | UNLIMITED } ] [ , FILEGROWTH = growth_increment [ KB | MB | GB | TB | % ] ] ) [ ,...n ]
logical_file_name ：指定文件的逻辑名称。logical_file_name必须在数据库中唯一，必须符合规定的标识符规则。
‘ os_file_name ‘ ：指定操作系统（物理）文件名称。执行创建数据库语句前，指定文件路径必须存在。如果指定了UNC（通用命名约定）路径，则无法设置SIZE、MAXSIZE和FILEGROWTH参数。
size ：指定文件的初始大小。未指定主文件指定size，数据库引擎将使用model数据库中的主文件的大小。如果指定了辅助数据文件或日志文件，但未指定该文件的size，则数据库引擎将以1 MB作为该文件的大小。
可以使用千字节（KB）、兆字节（MB）、千兆字节（GB）或兆兆字节（TB）后缀，默认单位为MB。
max_size ：指定文件可增大到的最大值，可以使用KB、MB、GB和TB后缀，默认单位为MB。
UNLIMITED ：指定文件可以增长到磁盘空间已满。在SQL Server中，指定为不限制增长的日志文件的最大值为2 TB，而数据文件的最大值为16 TB。
growth_increment ：指定每次需要新空间时为文件添加的空间量。growth_increment值不能超过MAXSIZE设置值。该值可以使用MB、KB、GB、TB或百分比（%）为单位指定。默认值为MB。growth_increment值为0时表明自动增长被关闭，不允许增加空间。
如果未指定FILEGROWTH，则数据文件的默认值为1 MB，日志文件的默认增长比例为10%，并且最小值为64 KB。
＜filegroup＞部分主要用于控制文件组属性，语法格式如下：
FILEGROUP filegroup_name [ DEFAULT ] ＜filespec＞ [ ,...n ]
filegroup_name ：必须在数据库中唯一，不能是系统提供的名称PRIMARY和PRIMARY_LOG。
DEFAULT ：指定文件组为数据库中的默认文件组。
4、 创建数据库示例
- 最简单的创建数据库示例
create database TestDB
会根据SQLServer默认设置（文件存储位置、文件增加大小等）创建数据库。
2.指定数据和事务日志文件的数据库示例
IF DB_ID (N'TestDB') is not null -- 判断数据库是否存在如果存在则先删除 DROP DATABASE TestDB GO CREATE DATABASE TestDB ON ( NAME = TestDB,-- 逻辑数据库文件名 FILENAME = 'D:\TestDB.mdf', SIZE = 10, MAXSIZE = 200, FILEGROWTH = 5 ) LOG ON ( NAME = TestDB_log,-- 逻辑数据库日志文件名 FILENAME = 'D:\TestDB_log.ldf', SIZE = 5MB, MAXSIZE = 50MB, FILEGROWTH = 5MB ) ;
3.指定多个数据文件和事务日志文件示例
USE master GO IF DB_ID (N'TestDB') is not null -- 判断数据库是否存在如果存在则先删除 DROP DATABASE TestDB GO CREATE DATABASE TestDB ON PRIMARY (NAME = TestDB1, FILENAME = 'd:\TestDB1.mdf', SIZE = 100MB, MAXSIZE = 200, FILEGROWTH = 20), ( NAME = TestDB2, FILENAME = 'd:\TestDB2.ndf', SIZE = 100MB, MAXSIZE = 200, FILEGROWTH = 20) LOG ON (NAME = TestDB_log1, FILENAME = 'd:\TestDB_log1.ldf', SIZE = 30MB, MAXSIZE = 100, FILEGROWTH = 10), (NAME = TestDB_log2, FILENAME = 'd:\TestDB_log2.ldf', SIZE = 100MB, MAXSIZE = 500, FILEGROWTH = 50) ;
4.创建具有文件组的数据库下面的语句将创建数据库Sales，该数据库具有以下文件组。
USE master GO IF DB_ID (N'TestDB') is not null -- 判断数据库是否存在如果存在则先删除 DROP DATABASE TestDB GO CREATE DATABASE TestDB ON PRIMARY -- 数据库主文件 ( NAME = TestDB1, FILENAME = 'd:\TestDB1.mdf', SIZE = 20, MAXSIZE = 100, FILEGROWTH = 10% ), ( NAME = TestDB2, FILENAME = 'd:\TestDB2.ndf', SIZE = 10, MAXSIZE = 50, FILEGROWTH = 5% ), FILEGROUP DBGroup1 ( NAME = TestDB3, FILENAME = 'd:\TestDB3.ndf', SIZE = 10, MAXSIZE = 50, FILEGROWTH = 5 ), ( NAME = TestDB4, FILENAME = 'd:\TestDB4.ndf', SIZE = 10, MAXSIZE = 50, FILEGROWTH = 5 ), FILEGROUP DBGroup2 ( NAME = DB1_Group2, FILENAME = 'd:\DB1_Group2.ndf', SIZE = 10, MAXSIZE = 50, FILEGROWTH = 5 ), ( NAME = DB2_Group2, FILENAME = 'd:\DB2_Group2.ndf', SIZE = 10, MAXSIZE = 50, FILEGROWTH = 5 ) LOG ON ( NAME = TestDB_log, FILENAME = 'd:\TestDB_log.ldf', SIZE = 50MB, MAXSIZE = 500MB, FILEGROWTH = 10MB ) ;
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