对”钩子”这个概念其实不熟悉，最近看到一个php框架中用到这种机制来扩展项目，所以大概来了解下。
所谓 hook 机制，是从Windows编程中流行开的一种技术。其主要思想是提前在可能增加功能的地方埋好(预设)一个钩子，这个钩子并没有实际的意义，当我们需要重新修改或者增加这个地方的逻辑的时候，把扩展的类或者方法挂载到这个点即可。
hook插件机制的基本思想：
在项目代码中，你认为要扩展（暂时不扩展）的地方放置一个钩子函数，等需要扩展的时候，把需要实现的类和函数挂载到这个钩子上，就可以实现扩展了。
思想就是这样听起来比较笼统，看一个网上的实现的例子。
整个插件机制包含三个部分：
1.hook插件经理类：这个是核心文件，是一个应用程序全局Global对象。它主要有三个职责
1>监听已经注册了的所有插件，并实例化这些插件对象。
2>注册所有插件。
3>当钩子条件满足时，触发对应的对象方法。
2.插件的功能实现：这大多由第三方开发人员完成，但需要遵循我们(经理类定义)的规则，这个规则是插件机制所规定的，因插件机制的不同而不同。
3.插件的触发：也就是钩子的触发条件。这是一小段代码，放置在你需要调用插件的地方，用于触发这个钩子。
实现的方案
首先是插件经理类 plugin Manager，这个类要放在全局引用里面，在所有需要用到插件的地方，优先加载。
<?php
/**
*
* 插件机制的实现核心类
*/class PluginManager
{
/**
* 监听已注册的插件
*
* @access private
* @var array
*/ private $_listeners = array();
/**
* 构造函数
*
* @access public
* @return void
*/ public function __construct()
{
#这里$plugin数组包含我们获取已经由用户激活的插件信息
#为演示方便，我们假定$plugin中至少包含
#$plugin = array(
# 'name' => '插件名称',
# 'directory'=>'插件安装目录'
#);
$plugins = get_active_plugins();#这个函数请自行实现
if($plugins)
{
foreach ($plugins as $plugin)
{//假定每个插件文件夹中包含一个actions.php文件，它是插件的具体实现
if (@file_exists(STPATH .'plugins/'.$plugin['directory'].'/actions.php'))
{
include_once(STPATH .'plugins/'.$plugin['directory'].'/actions.php');
$class = $plugin['name'].'_actions';
if (class_exists($class))
{
//初始化所有插件
new $class($this);
}
}
}
}
#此处做些日志记录方面的东西
}
/**
* 注册需要监听的插件方法（钩子）
*
* @param string $hook
* @param object $reference
* @param string $method
*/ function register($hook, &$reference, $method)
{
//获取插件要实现的方法
$key = get_class($reference).'->'.$method;
//将插件的引用连同方法push进监听数组中
$this->_listeners[$hook][$key] = array(&$reference, $method);
#此处做些日志记录方面的东西
}
/**
* 触发一个钩子
*
* @param string $hook 钩子的名称
* @param mixed $data 钩子的入参
* @return mixed
*/ function trigger($hook, $data='')
{
$result = '';
//查看要实现的钩子，是否在监听数组之中
if (isset($this->_listeners[$hook]) && is_array($this->_listeners[$hook]) && count($this->_listeners[$hook]) > 0)
{
// 循环调用开始
foreach ($this->_listeners[$hook] as $listener)
{
// 取出插件对象的引用和方法
$class =& $listener[0];
$method = $listener[1];
if(method_exists($class,$method))
{
// 动态调用插件的方法
$result .= $class->$method($data);
}
}
}
#此处做些日志记录方面的东西
return $result;
}
} 接下来是一个简单插件的实现 demo _actions。这是一个简单的Hello World插件，用于输出一句话。在实际情况中，say_hello可能包括对数据库的操作，或者是其他一些特定的逻辑。
<?php
/**
* 这是一个Hello World简单插件的实现
*//**
*需要注意的几个默认规则：
* 1. 本插件类的文件名必须是action
* 2. 插件类的名称必须是{插件名_actions}
*/class DEMO_actions
{
//解析函数的参数是pluginManager的引用
function __construct(&$pluginManager)
{
//注册这个插件
//第一个参数是钩子的名称
//第二个参数是pluginManager的引用
//第三个是插件所执行的方法
$pluginManager->register('demo', $this, 'say_hello');
}
function say_hello()
{
echo 'Hello World';
}
} 再接下来就是插件的调用触发的地方，比如我要将say_hello放到我博客首页Index.php， 那么你在index.php中的某个位置写下：
$pluginManager->trigger('demo',''); 第一个参数表示钩子的名字，第二个参数是插件对应方法的入口参数，由于这个例子中没有输入参数，所以为空。
这样一个例子基本上很明确的表达了”钩子”插件机制的实现方式和逻辑。
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持 php自学中心。
感谢阅读！
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