Swoole 是一个为PHP用C和C++编写的基于事件的高性能异步&协程并行网络通信引擎
✨事件驱动
Swoole中的网络请求处理是基于事件的,并且充分利用了底层的epoll / kqueue实现,使得为数百万个请求提供服务变得非常容易。
Swoole4使用全新的协程内核引擎,现在它拥有一个全职的开发团队,因此我们正在进入PHP历史上前所未有的时期,为性能的高速提升提供了独一无二的可能性。
⚡️协程
Swoole4或更高版本拥有高可用性的内置协程,您可以使用完全同步的代码来实现异步性能,PHP代码没有任何额外的关键字,底层会自动进行协程调度。
开发者可以将协程理解为超轻量级的线程, 你可以非常容易地在一个进程中创建成千上万个协程。
MySQL 客户端
并发1万个请求从MySQL读取海量数据仅需要0.2秒
$s = microtime(true); for ($c = 100; $c--;) { go( function () { $mysql = new Swoole\Coroutine\MySQL; $mysql-> connect ([ 'host' => '127.0.0.1', 'user' => 'root', 'password' => 'root', 'database' => 'test' ]); $statement = $mysql->prepare('SELECT * FROM `user`'); for ($n = 100; $n--;) { $result = $statement->execute(); assert(count($result) > 0); } }); } Swoole\Event::wait(); echo 'use ' . (microtime(true) - $s) . ' s';
混合服务器
你可以在一个事件循环上创建多个服务:TCP,HTTP,Websocket和HTTP2,并且能轻松承载上万请求。
function tcp_pack(string $data): string { return pack('N', strlen($data)) . $data; } function tcp_unpack(string $data): string { return substr($data, 4, unpack('N', substr($data, 0, 4))[1]); } $ tcp _options = [ 'open_length_check' => true, 'package_length_type' => 'N', 'package_length_offset' => 0, 'package_body_offset' => 4 ]; $server = new Swoole\WebSocket\Server('127.0.0.1', 9501, SWOOLE_BASE); $server->set(['open_http2_protocol' => true]); // http && http2 $server->on('request', function (Swoole\Http\Request $request, Swoole\Http\Response $response) { $response->end('Hello ' . $request->rawcontent()); }); // websocket $server->on('message', function (Swoole\WebSocket\Server $server, Swoole\Web socket \Frame $frame) { $server->push($frame->fd, 'Hello ' . $frame->data); }); // tcp $tcp_server = $server->listen('127.0.0.1', 9502, SWOOLE_TCP); $tcp_server->set($tcp_options); $tcp_server->on('receive', function (Swoole\Server $server, int $fd, int $reactor_id, string $data) { $server->send($fd, tcp_pack('Hello ' . tcp_unpack($data))); }); $server->start();
多种客户端
不管是DNS查询抑或是发送请求和接收响应,都是协程调度的,不会产生任何阻塞。
go(function () {
// http
$http_client = new Swoole\Coroutine\Http\Client('127.0.0.1', 9501);
assert($http_client->post('/', 'Swoole Http'));
var_dump($http_client->body);
// websocket
$http_client->upgrade('/');
$http_client->push('Swoole Websocket');
var_dump($http_client-> recv ()->data);
});
go(function () {
// http2
$http2_client = new Swoole\Coroutine\Http2\Client('localhost', 9501);
$http2_client->connect();
$http2_request = new Swoole\Http2\Request;
$http2_request->method = 'POST';
$http2_request->data = 'Swoole Http2';
$http2_client->send($http2_request);
$http2_response = $http2_client->recv();
var_dump($http2_response->data);
});
go(function () use ($tcp_options) {
// tcp
$tcp_client = new Swoole\Coroutine\Client(SWOOLE_TCP);
$tcp_client->set($tcp_options);
$tcp_client->connect('127.0.0.1', 9502);
$tcp_client->send(tcp_pack('Swoole Tcp'));
var_dump(tcp_unpack($tcp_client->recv()));
});
通道
通道( channel )是协程之间通信交换数据的唯一渠道, 而协程+通道的开发组合即为著名的CSP编程模型。
在Swoole开发中,Channel常用于连接池的实现和协程并发的调度。
连接池最简示例
在以下示例中,我们并发了一千个 Redis 请求,通常的情况下,这已经超过了Redis最大的连接数,将会抛出连接异常, 但基于Channel实现的连接池可以完美地调度请求,开发者就无需担心连接过载。
class RedisPool { /**@var \Swoole\Coroutine\Channel */ protected $pool; /** * RedisPool constructor. * @param int $size max connections */ public function __construct(int $size = 100) { $this->pool = new \Swoole\Coroutine\Channel($size); for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) { $redis = new \Swoole\Coroutine\Redis(); $res = $redis->connect('127.0.0.1', 6379); if ($res == false) { throw new \RuntimeException("failed to connect redis server."); } else { $this->put($redis); } } } public function get(): \Swoole\Coroutine\Redis { return $this->pool->pop(); } public function put(\Swoole\Coroutine\Redis $redis) { $this->pool->push($redis); } public function close(): void { $this->pool->close(); $this->pool = null; } } go(function () { $pool = new RedisPool(); // max concurrency num is more than max connections // but it's no problem, channel will help you with scheduling for ($c = 0; $c < 1000; $c++) { go(function () use ($pool, $c) { for ($n = 0; $n < 100; $n++) { $redis = $pool->get(); assert($redis->set("awesome-{$c}-{$n}", 'swoole')); assert($redis->get("awesome-{$c}-{$n}") === 'swoole'); assert($redis->delete("awesome-{$c}-{$n}")); $pool->put($redis); } }); } });
生产和消费
Swoole的部分客户端实现了defer机制来进行并发,但你依然可以用协程和通道的组合来灵活地实现它。
go(function () { // User: I need you to bring me some information back. // Channel: OK! I will be responsible for scheduling. $channel = new Swoole\Coroutine\Channel; go(function () use ($channel) { // Coroutine A: Ok! I will show you the github addr info $addr_info = Co::getaddrinfo('github.com'); $channel->push(['A', json_encode($addr_info, JSON_PRETTY_PRINT)]); }); go(function () use ($channel) { // Coroutine B: Ok! I will show you what your code look like $mirror = Co::readFile(__FILE__); $channel->push(['B', $mirror]); }); go(function () use ($channel) { // Coroutine C: Ok! I will show you the date $channel->push(['C', date(DATE_W3C)]); }); for ($i = 3; $i--;) { list($id, $data) = $channel->pop(); echo "From {$id}:\n {$data}\n"; } // User: Amazing, I got every information at earliest time! });
定时器
$id = Swoole\Timer::tick(100, function () { echo "⚙️ Do something...\n"; }); Swoole\Timer::after(500, function () use ($id) { Swoole\Timer::clear($id); echo "⏰ Done\n"; }); Swoole\Timer::after(1000, function () use ($id) { if (!Swoole\Timer::exists($id)) { echo "✅ All right!\n"; } });
使用协程方式
go(function () { $i = 0; while (true) { Co::sleep(0.1); echo " Do something...\n"; if (++$i === 5) { echo " Done\n"; break; } } echo " All right!\n"; });
命名空间
Swoole提供了多种类命名规则以满足不同开发者的爱好
- 符合PSR规范的命名空间风格
- 便于键入的下划线风格
- 协程类短名风格
强大的运行时钩子
在最新版本的Swoole中,我们添加了一项新功能,使PHP原生的同步网络库一键化成为协程库。
只需在脚本顶部调用Swoole\Runtime::enableCoroutine()方法并使用php-redis,并发1万个请求从Redis读取数据仅需0.1秒!
Swoole\Runtime::enableCoroutine(); $s = microtime(true); for ($c = 100; $c--;) { go(function () { ($redis = new Redis)->connect('127.0.0.1', 6379); for ($n = 100; $n--;) { assert($redis->get('awesome') === 'swoole'); } }); } Swoole\Event::wait(); echo 'use ' . (microtime(true) - $s) . ' s';
调用它之后,Swoole内核将替换ZendVM中的Stream函数指针,如果使用基于php_stream的扩展,则所有套接字操作都可以在运行时动态转换为协程调度的异步IO。
你可以在一秒钟里做多少事?
睡眠1万次,读取,写入,检查和删除文件1万次,使用PDO和MySQLi与数据库通信1万次,创建TCP服务器和多个客户端相互通信1万次,创建UDP服务器和多个客户端到相互通信1万次……一切都在一个进程中完美完成!
Swoole\Runtime::enableCoroutine(); $s = microtime(true); // i just want to sleep... for ($c = 100; $c--;) { go(function () { for ($n = 100; $n--;) { usleep(1000); } }); } // 10k file read and write for ($c = 100; $c--;) { go(function () use ($c) { $tmp_filename = "/tmp/test-{$c}.php"; for ($n = 100; $n--;) { $self = file_get_contents(__FILE__); file_put_contents($tmp_filename, $self); assert(file_get_contents($tmp_filename) === $self); } unlink($tmp_filename); }); } // 10k pdo and mysqli read for ($c = 50; $c--;) { go(function () { $pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=test;charset=utf8', 'root', 'root'); $statement = $pdo->prepare('SELECT * FROM `user`'); for ($n = 100; $n--;) { $statement->execute(); assert(count($statement->fetchAll()) > 0); } }); } for ($c = 50; $c--;) { go(function () { $mysqli = new Mysqli('127.0.0.1', 'root', 'root', 'test'); $statement = $mysqli->prepare('SELECT `id` FROM `user`'); for ($n = 100; $n--;) { $statement->bind_result($id); $statement->execute(); $statement->fetch(); assert($id > 0); } }); } // php_stream tcp server & client with 12.8k requests in single process function tcp_pack(string $data): string { return pack('n', strlen($data)) . $data; } function tcp_length(string $head): int { return unpack('n', $head)[1]; } go(function () { $ctx = stream_context_create(['socket' => ['so_reuseaddr' => true, 'backlog' => 128]]); $socket = stream_socket_server( 'tcp://0.0.0.0:9502', $ errno , $errstr, STREAM_SERVER_BIND | STREAM_SERVER_LISTEN, $ctx ); if (!$socket) { echo "$errstr ($errno)\n"; } else { $i = 0; while ($conn = stream_socket_accept($socket, 1)) { stream_set_timeout($conn, 5); for ($n = 100; $n--;) { $data = fread($conn, tcp_length(fread($conn, 2))); assert($data === "Hello Swoole Server #{$n}!"); fwrite($conn, tcp_pack("Hello Swoole Client #{$n}!")); } if (++$i === 128) { fclose ($socket); break; } } } }); for ($c = 128; $c--;) { go(function () { $ fp = stream_socket_client("tcp://127.0.0.1:9502", $errno, $errstr, 1); if (!$fp) { echo "$errstr ($errno)\n"; } else { stream_set_timeout($fp, 5); for ($n = 100; $n--;) { fwrite($fp, tcp_pack("Hello Swoole Server #{$n}!")); $data = fread($fp, tcp_length(fread($fp, 2))); assert($data === "Hello Swoole Client #{$n}!"); } fclose($fp); } }); } // udp server & client with 12.8k requests in single process go(function () { $socket = new Swoole\Coroutine\Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); $socket->bind('127.0.0.1', 9503); $client_map = []; for ($c = 128; $c--;) { for ($n = 0; $n < 100; $n++) { $recv = $socket->recvfrom($peer); $client_uid = "{$peer['address']}:{$peer['port']}"; $id = $client_map[$client_uid] = ($client_map[$client_uid] ?? -1) + 1; assert($recv === "Client: Hello #{$id}!"); $socket->sendto($peer['address'], $peer['port'], "Server: Hello #{$id}!"); } } $socket->close(); }); for ($c = 128; $c--;) { go(function () { $fp = stream_socket_client("udp://127.0.0.1:9503", $errno, $errstr, 1); if (!$fp) { echo "$errstr ($errno)\n"; } else { for ($n = 0; $n < 100; $n++) { fwrite($fp, "Client: Hello #{$n}!"); $recv = fread($fp, 1024); list($address, $port) = explode(':', (stream_socket_get_name($fp, true))); assert($address === '127.0.0.1' && (int)$port === 9503); assert($recv === "Server: Hello #{$n}!"); } fclose($fp); } }); } Swoole\Event::wait(); echo 'use ' . (microtime(true) - $s) . ' s';
⌛️ 安装
1. 直接使用Swoole官方的二进制包 (初学者 + 开发环境)
访问我们官网的下载页面
编译需求
- Linux, OS X 系统 或 CygWin, WSL
- PHP 7.0.0 或以上版本 (版本越高性能越好)
- GCC 4.8 及以上
2. 使用PHP官方的PECL工具安装 (初学者)
pecl install swoole
3. 从源码编译安装 (推荐)
非内核开发研究之用途, 请下载发布版本的源码编译
cd swoole-src && \ phpize && \ ./configure && \ make && sudo make install
启用扩展
编译安装到系统成功后, 需要在php.ini中加入一行extension=swoole.so来启用Swoole扩展
额外编译参数
使用例子: ./configure –enable-openssl –enable-sockets
- –enable-openssl 或 –with-openssl-dir=DIR
- –enable-sockets
- –enable-http2
- –enable-mysqlnd (需要 mysqlnd, 只是为了支持mysql->escape方法)
升级
⚠️ 如果你要从源码升级, 别忘记在源码目录执行 make clean
- pecl upgrade swoole
- git pull && cd swoole-src && make clean && make && sudo make install
- 如果你改变了PHP版本, 请重新执行 phpize clean && phpize后重新编译
框架 & 组件
- Hyperf 是一个高性能、高灵活性的协程框架,存在丰富的可能性,如实现分布式中间件,微服务架构等
- Swoft 是一个现代化的面向切面的高性能协程全栈组件化框架
- Easyswoole 是一个极简的高性能的框架,让代码开发就好像写echo “hello world”一样简单
- Saber 是一个人性化的高性能HTTP客户端组件,几乎拥有一切你可以想象的强大功能
私信回复” swoole-src”获取链接地址,喜欢的点个关注,一起学习探讨新技术。