在这篇文章中，我们将看看如何在 Fedora 30 Server 上安装 LEMP 。LEMP 代表：
- L -> Linux
- E -> Nginx
- M -> Maria DB
- P -> PHP
我假设 Fedora 30 已经安装在你的电脑系统上。
LEMP 是一组强大的软件设置集合，它安装在一个 Linux 服务器上以帮助使用流行的开发平台来构建网站，LEMP 是 LAMP 的一个变种，在其中不是 Apache ，而是使用 EngineX（ nginx ），此外，使用 MariaDB 代替 MySQL。这篇入门指南是一个安装 Nginx、Maria DB 和 PHP 的独立指南的作品集合。
在 Fedora 30 Server 上安装 Nginx、PHP 7.3 和 PHP-FPM
让我们看看如何在 Fedora 30 Server 上安装 Nginx 和 PHP 以及 PHP FPM。
步骤 1) 切换到 root 用户
在系统上安装 Nginx 的第一步是切换到 root 用户。使用下面的命令：
root@linuxtechi ~]$ sudo -i [sudo] password for pkumar: [root@linuxtechi ~]#
步骤 2) 使用 dnf 命令安装 Nginx、PHP 7.3 和 PHP FPM
使用下面的 dnf 命令安装 Nginx：
[root@linuxtechi ~]# dnf install nginx php php-fpm php-common -y
步骤 3) 安装额外的 PHP 模块
PHP 的默认安装仅自带基本模块和最需要的模块，如果你需要额外的模块，像 PHP 支持的 GD、XML、命令行接口、Zend OPCache 功能等等，你总是能够选择你的软件包，并一次性安装所有的东西。查看下面的示例命令：
[root@linuxtechi ~]# sudo dnf install php-opcache php-pecl-apcu php-cli php-pear php-pdo php-pecl-mongodb php-pecl-redis php-pecl-memcache php-pecl-memcached php-gd php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-xml -y
步骤 4) 开始 & 启用 Nginx 和 PHP-fpm 服务
使用下面的命令来开始并启用 Nginx 服务：
[root@linuxtechi ~]# systemctl start nginx && systemctl enable nginx
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx. service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
[root@linuxtechi ~]#
使用下面的命令来开始并启用 PHP-FPM 服务：
[root@linuxtechi ~]# systemctl start php-fpm && systemctl enable php-fpm Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service. [root@linuxtechi ~]#
步骤 5) 核实 Nginx (Web 服务) 和 PHP 安装
注意：假使操作系统防火墙是启用的，并运行在你的 Fedora 30 系统上，那么使用下面的命令来准许 80 和 443 端口：
[root@linuxtechi ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http success [root@linuxtechi ~]# [root@linuxtechi ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https success [root@linuxtechi ~]# firewall-cmd --reload success [root@linuxtechi ~]#
打开网页浏览器，输入下面的 URL： http:// 。
Test-Page-HTTP-Server-Fedora-30
上面的屏幕证实 Nginx 已经成功地安装。
现在，让我们核实 PHP 安装，使用下面的命令创建一个测试 php 页（info.php）：
[root@linuxtechi ~]# echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" > /usr/share/nginx/html/info.php
[root@linuxtechi ~]#
在网页浏览器中输入下面的 URL，
Php-info-page-fedora30
上面的页面验证 PHP 7.3.5 已经被成功地安装。现在，让我们安装 MariaDB 数据库服务器。
在 Fedora 30 上安装 MariaDB
MariaDB 是 MySQL 数据库的一个极好的替代品，因为它的工作方式与 MySQL 非常类似，并且兼容性也与 MySQL 一致。让我们看看在 Fedora 30 Server 上安装 MariaDB 的步骤。
步骤 1) 切换到 root 用户
在系统上安装 MariaDB 的第一步是切换到 root 用户，或者你可以使用有 root 权限的本地用户。使用下面的命令：
[root@linuxtechi ~]# sudo -i [root@linuxtechi ~]#
步骤 2) 使用 dnf 命令安装 MariaDB（10.3）的最新版本
在 Fedora 30 Server 上使用下面的命令来安装 MariaDB：
[root@linuxtechi ~]# dnf install mariadb-server -y
步骤 3) 开启并启用 MariaDB 服务
在步骤 2 中成功地安装 MariaDB 后，接下来的步骤是开启 MariaDB 服务。使用下面的命令：
[root@linuxtechi ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service ; systemctl enable mariadb.service
步骤 4) 保护安装好的 MariaDB
当我们安装 MariaDB 服务器时，因为默认情况下没有 root 密码，在数据库中也会创建匿名用户。因此，要保护安装好的 MariaDB，运行下面的 mysql_secure_installation 命令：
[root@linuxtechi ~]# mysql_secure_installation
接下来你将被提示一些问题，仅回答下面展示的问题：
Secure-MariaDB-Installation-Part1
Secure-MariaDB-Installation-Part2
步骤 5) 测试 MariaDB 安装
在你安装后，你总是能够测试是否 MariaDB 被成功地安装在 Fedora 30 Server 上。使用下面的命令：
[root@linuxtechi ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password:
接下来，你将被提示一个密码。输入在保护安装好的 MariaDB 期间你设置的密码，接下来你可以看到 MariaDB 欢迎屏幕。
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MariaDB connection id is 17 Server version: 10.3.12-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]>
最后，我们已经在你的 Fedora 30 Server 上成功地完成安装 LEMP（Linux、Nginx、MariaDB 和 PHP）的所有工作。请在下面的反馈部分发布你的评论和建议，我们将尽快在后面回应。
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作者： Pradeep Kumar 选题： lujun9972 译者： robsean 校对： wxy
本文由 LCTT 原创编译， Linux中国 荣誉推出
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