前言：在做扫描的时候有一些探测是要发送一些字节和数据流才可以识别，这时候就需要针对一些字符串做一些解释，达到数据流这些字符。
需要的转的字符
#原值
x41x00x00x00x3ax30x00x00
#发送时候的数据
A:0
在go的代码里使用双引号
str := "x41x00x00x00x3ax30x00x00"
log.Print(str)
#结果正常
A:0
使用反引号
str := `x41x00x00x00x3ax30x00x00`
log.Print(str)
#结果
x41x00x00x00x3ax30x00x00
双引号，单引号，反引号
双引号，会自动解析 t n r x uxxx U 这些特殊的字符
单引号，只能放一个字符 'a' 'b'' '1'
反引号，不会解析任何特殊标记，可以适用于大量文本的情况下，建议使用；
但是反引号因为不转义，需求又想要这样的解析特殊字符，这时候怎么操作？
strconv.Unquote 函数跟踪
strconv.Unquote 反解析函数，当内容如：`"tn"` 那么就会自动进行解析双引号里的内容，达到和双引号直接引入的效果。那么具体怎么实现的呢？
方法源码 (加注释和解释)：
func Unquote(s string) (string, error) {
n := len(s)
if n < 2 {
return "", ErrSyntax
}
quote := s[0]
// 本步骤是判断第一个字符和最后一个字符是否相等，如果相等，向下走，也就是 "xxxxxxx"
if quote != s[n-1] {
return "", ErrSyntax
}
s = s[1 : n-1]
// 判断标记是不是 反引号开始
if quote == '`' {
if contains(s, '`') {
return "", ErrSyntax
}
if contains(s, 'r') {
// -1 because we know there is at least one r to remove.
buf := make([] byte , 0, len(s)-1)
for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
if s[i] != 'r' {
buf = append(buf, s[i])
}
}
return string(buf), nil
}
return s, nil
}
// 这个过程是为了确定，是不是以 双引号或者单引号 开始
if quote != '"' && quote != ''' {
return "", ErrSyntax
}
// 如果双引号内容有回车，那么调用该方法直接就会失败
if contains(s, 'n') {
return "", ErrSyntax
}
// Is it trivial? Avoid allocation.
if !contains(s, '\') && !contains(s, quote) {
switch quote {
case '"':
if utf8.ValidString(s) {
return s, nil
}
case ''':
r, size := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(s)
if size == len(s) && (r != utf8.RuneError || size != 1) {
return s, nil
}
}
}
// 开始到解析的过程了
var runeTmp [utf8.UTFMax]byte
buf := make([]byte, 0, 3*len(s)/2) // Try to avoid more allocations.
for len(s) > 0 {
// 核心解析方法 会进入到 UnquoteChar 方法详细解析 c 就是本次解析返回的结果
c, multibyte, ss, err := UnquoteChar(s, quote)
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
s = ss
if c < utf8.RuneSelf || !multibyte {
buf = append(buf, byte(c))
} else {
n := utf8.EncodeRune(runeTmp[:], c)
buf = append(buf, runeTmp[:n]...)
}
if quote == ''' && len(s) != 0 {
// single-quoted must be single character
return "", ErrSyntax
}
}
return string(buf), nil
}
func UnquoteChar(s string, quote byte) (value rune, multibyte bool, tail string, err error) {
// easy cases
if len(s) == 0 {
err = ErrSyntax
return
}
//取出字符串的第一位 判断是否相等，如果相等就直接返回了
switch c := s[0]; {
case c == quote && (quote == ''' || quote == '"'):
err = ErrSyntax
return
case c >= utf8.RuneSelf:
r, size := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(s)
return r, true, s[size:], nil
case c != '\':
return rune(s[0]), false, s[1:], nil
}
// hard case: c is backslash
if len(s) <= 1 {
err = ErrSyntax
return
}
// 取出字符串的第二位 也是就是 x 这一步是按索引值进行获取
c := s[1]
// s 从第三位开始截取，重新赋值
s = s[2:]
switch c {
case 'a':
value = 'a'
case 'b':
value = 'b'
case 'f':
value = 'f'
case 'n':
value = 'n'
case 'r':
value = 'r'
case 't':
value = 't'
case 'v':
value = 'v'
case 'x', 'u', 'U':
n := 0
switch c {
// 如果x ,则默认就取两位，这也是固定写法 针对特定的进制转换取的固定长度
case 'x':
n = 2
// u 就是四位
case 'u':
n = 4
// 大写U 就是八位
case 'U':
n = 8
}
var v rune
if len(s) < n {
err = ErrSyntax
return
}
for j := 0; j < n; j++ {
// 开始做运算，判断是不是16进制的数据 如果是接着取第二位，如果不是，也是直接就返回err
x, ok := unhex(s[j])
if !ok {
err = ErrSyntax
return
}
// 做位运算 + 异或 该值 就是本次 x41 第一个解析的结果
v = v<<4 | x
}
// 再次重新截取 将 x41去除，这时候字符串就变成了 x00.....
s = s[n:]
if c == 'x' {
// single-byte string, possibly not UTF-8
// 单字节字符 可能非utf8 到这其实就已经解析完了。
value = v
break
}
if v > utf8.MaxRune {
err = ErrSyntax
return
}
value = v
multibyte = true
case '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7':
v := rune(c) - '0'
if len(s) < 2 {
err = ErrSyntax
return
}
for j := 0; j < 2; j++ { // one digit already; two more
x := rune(s[j]) - '0'
if x < 0 || x > 7 {
err = ErrSyntax
return
}
v = (v << 3) | x
}
s = s[2:]
if v > 255 {
err = ErrSyntax
return
}
value = v
case '\':
value = '\'
case ''', '"':
if c != quote {
err = ErrSyntax
return
}
value = rune(c)
default:
err = ErrSyntax
return
}
tail = s
return
}
// 核心就是通过对 x 来判断什么类型，然后再做各种进制的快速运算，获取到一个值
strconv.Quote 函数
该函数是向一个字符串，添加双引号和转义；如果内容 `x41` 使用了该函数，就会变成 `"\x41"`
这时候在需要解析的时候，其实也是不正确的， 因为 \ 会变成 依然会原形输出。
所以为了兼容可以转换，再做一个替换，将 \ 替换成
再调用 Unquote函数即可
总结
go的字符串取决于你的内容是不是双引号或者反引号，如果是反引号不会进行解析，所以需要使用到辅助的解析字符串函数 strconv.Unquote ；但是这个函数必须在两层有双引号才可以去执行。所以又借助了 strconv.Quote 函数，怎么解决该函数带的问题，在上面解释了。所以如果大家有遇到这方面的问题可以这样去解决；期待大佬们有更好的结果。
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