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PHP操作JSON格式数据的技巧

智云科技发布于 2022年7月19日评论(28)阅读(336)

1. 介绍

1.1 介绍

JSON格式数据是现如今使用极其广泛的WEB应用的数据格式，它有着结构清晰、语法简单、占用字节少等等特点。相比较早期流行的XML格式数据来讲，JSON格式数据有着更加轻便、可读性更好、解析速度更快等等优势。

PHP语言操作JSON格式数据是有着先天优势的，因为PHP是弱类型语言，加上PHP自身的数组和JSON格式数据有着基本一致的数据结构，所以PHP操作JSON格式数据非常的简单、方便、快捷。

2. JSON

JSON格式数据除了基本数据类型整型、浮点、字符串、布尔之外，还有两个特殊的集合型类型，它们就是数组（Array）和字典（Dictionary），下面福哥将分别给大家介绍一下。

2.1 字典

所谓的字典类型就是结构内的数据是以Key-Value的方式成对的存储的，通过Key可以快速地得到对应的Value，一个字典结构内Key不能重复。 

 {
  "id": 35,
  "name": "鬼谷子叔叔",
  "url": "#34;
}

2.2 数组

数组就是用来存储多个数据的集合，数组内的元素之间没有任何关系，数组内的元素以顺序的整型数字作为键，通过键可以快速地得到对应的元素。 

 [
  "PHP",
  "Python",
  "Java",
  "JavaScript",
  "C/C++",
  "Asp.net"
]

3. 数组与JSON

在PHP语言里面数组转换JSON格式数据是通过json_encode函数完成的，PHP的数组转换到JSON格式数据会根据数组内的元素的键是否满足顺序整型数字的条件判断，如果满足就会转换成JSON的数组，如果不满足就会转换成JSON的字典。

3.1 直接转换

如果直接通过json_encode转换的话，汉字部分会被转换成unicode码。 

 $jsonData = json_encode(array(
    "id"=>35,
    "name"=>"鬼谷子叔叔",
    "url"=>"#34;
));
echo $jsonData. "<br />";
$jsonData = json_encode(array(
    "PHP",
    "Python",
    "Java",
    "JavaScript",
    "C/C++",
    "Asp.net"
));
echo $jsonData. "<br />";
PHP操作JSON格式数据的技巧

3.2 转换显示汉字

如果想要保留汉字内容，不转换成unicode码，需要使用如下的方式进行转换。 

 $jsonData = json_encode(array(
    "id"=>35,
    "name"=>"鬼谷子叔叔",
    "url"=>"#34;
), JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);
echo $jsonData. "<br />";
$jsonData = json_encode(array(
    "PHP",
    "Python",
    "Java",
    "JavaScript",
    "C/C++",
    "Asp.net"
), JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);
echo $jsonData. "<br />";
PHP操作JSON格式数据的技巧

4. 对象与JSON

在PHP语言里面对象转换JSON格式数据也是通过json_encode函数完成的，PHP的对象转换到JSON格式数据一定会转换成字典类型的。

4.1 直接转换

如果直接通过json_encode转换的话，汉字部分会被转换成unicode码。 

 class user{
    public $id;
    public $name;
    public $url;
}

class APIController extends SystemAPIController{
    protected function user_process(){
        $user = new user();
        $user->id = 35;
        $user->name = "鬼谷子叔叔";
        $user->url = "#34;;
        $jsonData = json_encode($user);
        var_dump($jsonData);
    }
}
PHP操作JSON格式数据的技巧

4.2 转换显示汉字

如果想要保留汉字内容，不转换成unicode码，需要使用如下的方式进行转换。 

 class user{
    public $id;
    public $name;
    public $url;
}

class APIController extends SystemAPIController{
    protected function user_process(){
        $user = new user();
        $user->id = 35;
        $user->name = "鬼谷子叔叔";
        $user->url = "#34;;
        $jsonData = json_encode($user, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);
        var_dump($jsonData);
    }
}
PHP操作JSON格式数据的技巧

5. 编码与解码

5.1 编码

所谓JSON编码就是将其他类型的数据转换成JSON格式数据的过程，因为JSON格式其实就是一个含有特殊格式的字符串，所以JSON编码就是将各种其他类型的数据转成可逆的字符串的过程。

PHP实现编码的方式就是通过内建的json_encode方法完成的，很可惜的是，这个方法对含有中文的源数据仅仅支持UTF-8的编码，如果源数据包含中文且不是UTF-8的编码就会编码失败返回false。 

 $jsonData = json_encode(array(
    "id"=>35,
    "name"=>"鬼谷子叔叔",
    "url"=>"#34;
), JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);
echo "<h3>JSON格式</h3>";
var_dump($jsonData);
PHP操作JSON格式数据的技巧

5.2 解码

所谓JSON解码就是将JSON格式数据还原成原来的数据类型的过程，因为JSON格式数据其实就是一个含有特殊格式的字符串，所以JSON解码就是将JSON格式的字符串还原成原来的数据的过程。

PHP实现解码的方式就是通过内建的json_decode方法完成的，不过默认json_decode会将字典还原成stdClass对象而不是array数组，如果要把stdClass也转换成array数组的话就需要一个特殊的处理才行。 

 $jsonData = "{"id":35,"name":"鬼谷子叔叔","url":"https://tongfu.net/home/35.html"}";
$orgData = json_decode($jsonData);
echo "<h3>直接还原</h3>";
var_dump($orgData);
$orgData = json_decode($jsonData, true);
echo "<h3>还原stdClass转array</h3>";
var_dump($orgData);
PHP操作JSON格式数据的技巧

6. 总结

今天福哥带着童鞋们针对PHP操作JSON格式数据的技巧系统地讲解了一番，相信大家都应该听明白了！会操作JSON格式数据了就可以使用PHP开发程序接口了，也可以使用PHP开发前后端分离的项目了。

下一课福哥会给大家讲解Python操作JSON格式数据的技巧，敬请期待~~

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文章来源：智云一二三科技

文章标题：PHP操作JSON格式数据的技巧

文章地址：https://www.zhihuclub.com/76967.shtml

关于作者: 智云科技

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