Swoole 概述
Swoole 是面向生产环境的 PHP 异步网络通信引擎。使用纯 C 语言编写(Swoole 4 开始逐渐改为通过 C++ 编写),提供了 PHP 语言的异步多线程服务器、异步 TCP/UDP 网络客户端、异步 MySQL、异步 Redis、数据库连接池、AsyncTask、消息队列、毫秒定时器、异步文件读写、异步 DNS 查询。除了异步 IO 的支持之外,Swoole 为 PHP 多进程的模式设计了多个并发数据结构和 IPC 通信机制,可以大大简化多进程并发编程的工作。其中包括了并发原子计数器,并发 HashTable、Channel、Lock、 进程间通信 IPC 等丰富的功能特性。
之前 PHP 一直被诟病的一个原因就是它是同步阻塞式语言,这在 Web 应用这种 IO 密集型的领域对于编写高并发高性能的应用而言,是一个重大阻碍。有了 Swoole 之后,PHP 开发人员可以轻松编写高性能的异步并发 TCP、UDP、Unix SOCKET 、HTTP 以及 WebSocket 服务,从而使得 PHP 语言在异步 IO 和网络通信领域开疆拓土,并且有望在工业级技术方面与 Node.js 和 Go 语言展开角逐。从某种角度上说,Swoole 让 PHP 插上了异步的翅膀,让它飞得更高。
此外,如果想要更好的掌握 Swoole 的底层原理,需要具备以下知识储备:
多进程/多 线程
- 了解 Linux 操作系统进程和线程的概念
- 了解 Linux 进程/线程切换调度的基本知识
- 了解进程间通信的基本知识,如管道、UnixSocket、消息队列、共享内存
SOCKET
- 了解 SOCKET 的基本操作如 accept / connect 、send/ recv 、 close 、listen、 bind
- 了解 SOCKET 的接收缓存区、发送缓存区、阻塞/非阻塞、超时等概念
IO复用
- 了解 select/poll/ epoll
- 了解基于 select/epoll 实现的事件循环,Reactor 模型
- 了解可读事件、可写事件
TCP/IP网络协议
- 了解 TCP/IP 协议
- 了解 TCP、UDP 传输协议
调试工具
- 使用 gdb 调试 Linux 程序
- 使用 strace 跟踪进程的系统调用
- 使用 tcpdump 跟踪网络通信过程
- 其他 Linux 系统工具,如 ps、lsof、top、 vmstat 、netstat、sar、ss 等
安装启用
Swoole 是 PHP 的一个扩展,可以通过 PHP 扩展的方式进行安装和启用。
本地安装
Laradock
在本地安装的话,以 Laradock 为例,需要在 laradock 目录下的 .env 中将下面两行配置值设置为 true :
然后运行 docker-compose build php-fpm workspace 重新构建 Docker 容器,构建完成后重启这两个容器,进入 workspace 容器,运行 php -m 查看 Swoole 是否安装成功,如果扩展列表包含 swoole 则表示安装成功。
Windows/Mac
如果是本地 Windows/Mac 系统上安装的话,直接执行以下命令安装接口:
前提是 pecl 命令在系统路径中可用。然后运行 php -m 看到扩展列表包含 swoole 则表明安装成功。
线上安装
如果是在服务器安装的话,以 Ubuntu 系统为例,通过执行下列命令安装即可:
然后通过 php -i | grep php.ini 定位 php.ini 文件所在位置,并打开该配置文件,在文件末尾追加如下内容:
保存并退出,在终端运行 php -m ,如果看到扩展里包含 swoole ,说明安装启用成功。
注:以上服务器安装方式也适用于 Homestead 和其他环境 Ubuntu 系统。
测试 Swoole
下面我们基于 Swoole 编写两个简单的功能来测试 Swoole 是否可以正常工作。
HTTP 服务器
首先我们通过 Swoole 编写一个简单的 HTTP 服务器,在测试目录下创建一个 http_server.php 文件,编写文件代码如下:
这样,一个最基本的 HTTP 服务器就完成了,其工作原理和工业级的 Apache 和 Nginx 服务器类似,只不过提供的是最简单的服务器监听和响应功能罢了,我们在终端启用这个服务器:
这样,表示服务器已经启动并且在监听请求了,到浏览器中访问 ,即可获取服务器输出响应内容:
TCP 服务器和客户端
接下来,我们通过 Swoole 及其协程特性实现一个简单的 TCP 服务器和客户端,TCP 协议需要双方通过三次握手建立连接后才能进行通信,所以是一种可靠的协议,常见的聊天室应用就是基于 TCP 协议传输内容。我们还是在前面的测试目录下创建一个 tcp_server.php 文件用于编写 TCP 服务端代码:
然后在该目录下创建一个 tcp_client.php 文件用于编写 TCP 客户端代码:
这样,一个最基本的 TCP 服务端和客户端程序就编写完成了,在终端先启动 TCP 服务端:
然后新开启一个终端窗口,启动 TCP 客户端:
输出从 TCP 服务端接收到消息后 TCP 客户端退出,此时服务端也会打印连接建立和断开的日志消息:
客户端退出后,服务端依然处理监听状态,等待下一个请求。
好了,以上就是今天要给大家介绍的 Swoole 安装及入门教程,感谢阅读!
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