概述
PostgreSQL 有3种日志，分别是pg_log（数据库运行日志）、pg_xlog（WAL 日志，即重做日志）、pg_clog（事务提交日志，记录的是事务的元数据）。
1、pg_log（运行日志）
该文件夹中的日志一般用来记录服务器与DB的状态，如各种Error信息，定位慢查询SQL，数据库的启动关闭信息，发生checkpoint过于频繁等的告警信息等。linux自带的路径一般在/ var /log/postgres下面。该日志有.csv格式和.log。这种日志是可以被清理删除不影响DB的正常运行。
当我们有遇到DB无法启动或者更改参数没有生效时，第一个想到的就是查看这个日志。
如果服务无法启动，该日志文件夹下的日志没有记录，建议查看操作系统的事件查看器的日志。有助于快速定位问题。
2、pg_xlog （重做日志）
该文件夹中的日志是记录的Postgresql的WAL信息，也就是一些事务日志信息(transaction log)，默认单个大小是16M，源码安装的时候可以更改其大小。这些信息通常名字是类似’000000010000000000000013’这样的文件，这些日志会在 定时回滚恢复(PITR)， 流复制(Replication Stream)以及归档时能被用到，这些日志是非常重要的，记录着数据库发生的各种事务信息，不得随意删除或者移动这类日志文件，不然你的数据库会有无法恢复的风险。
当归档或者流复制发生异常的时候，事务日志会不断地生成，有可能会造成磁盘空间被塞满，最终导致DB挂掉或者起不来。遇到这种情况不用慌，可以先关闭归档或者流复制功能，备份pg_xlog日志到其他地方，但请不要删除。然后删除较早时间的的pg_xlog，有一定空间后再试着启动Postgres。
3、pg_clog （事务提交日志）
pg_clog这个文件也是事务日志文件，但与pg_xlog不同的是它记录的是事务的元数据(metadata)，这个日志告诉我们哪些事务完成了，哪些没有完成。这个日志文件一般非常小，但是重要性也是相当高，不得随意删除或者对其更改信息。
4、日志设置
pg_log默认是关闭的，需要设置参数启用此日志。pg_xlog和pg_clog都是强制打开的，无法关闭。
运行日志主要相关的参数如下，默认没有开启的话没有log目录，开启后会自动生成。
4.1.启用pg_log并配置日志参数
4.2、重启PostgreSQL即可在$PGDATA/pg_log/ 下看到新生成的日志。
总结：
pg_log记录各种Error信息，以及服务器与DB的状态信息，可由用户随意更新删除
pg_xlog与pg_clog记录数据库的事务信息，不得随意删除更新，做物理备份时要记得备份着两个日志。
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